Emergence, Convergence
and Empowerment:
Media Cultural and Global Issues
Technology:
What are ICTs? [Common Feature Digitization]
Information and Communication Technologies [ICTs] encompass all
those technologies that enable the handling of information and
facilitate different forms of communication among human actors,
between human beings and electronic systems, and among electronic
systems. These technologies can be usefully sub-divided into:
Capturing Technologies: input devices that collect and convert
information into digital form. Such devices can include keyboards,
mice, trackballs, touch scanners, microphones, video and audio
recorders, disc recorders and camcorders.
Storage Technologies: a variety of devices to store and retrieve
information in digital form. Among these are magnetic tapes, floppy
disks, hard disks, RAM disks, optical disks, erasable disks, smart
cards, digital video and audiotape.
Processing technologies, creating the systems and applications
software that is required for the performance of digital ICTs.
Communications technologies: devices, methods and networks to
transmit information in digital form. They include digital broadcasting,
integrate services digital networks, digital cellular networks,
local area networks {LANs], wide area networks [WANs such as the
Internet], electronic bulletin boards, modems, transmission media
such as fiber optics, cellular phones and fax machines, and digital
transmission technologies for mobile space communications [the
new Low Earth Orbit satellite voice and data services].
Display Technologies: a variety of output devices for the display
of digitized information. Such devices include display screens
for computers, digital television sets with automatic picture adjustment,
set top boxes for video-on-demand, printers, digital video discs
[which might replace CD-RROM drives and audio CD players], voice
synthesizers and virtual reality helmets.
Community Technology Centers - CTCs
Centers where people in low-income communities gain access to computers
and computer-related technology, such as the Internet.
Community Technology Centers Network - CTCNet
Organizations and Practices
Community Media Centers - CMC -
Centers Combining community media by local people in local languages with community
telecenter facilities (computers with Internet and e-mail, phone, fax and
photocopying services). Radio, particularly - which is low-cost and easy
to operate - not only informs, educates and entertains, but it also empowers
the community by giving a strong public voice to the voiceless, and thus
encouraging greater accountability in public affairs. Basic communications
tools for managing community-centered development and change.
UNESCO
Multipurpose Community Telecenters (MCTs)
Community centers providing access to information technology and telecommunications,
as well as media for distance education, tele-learning, and face to face
community education.
UNESCO
Public Access Centers - Public Access Television - PEG
Local governments authorizing cable television franchises may require
cable operators to set aside channels for public, educational,
or governmental (PEG) use. Public access channels
are available for use by the general public. They are usually
administered either by the cable operator or by a third party
designated by the franchising authority. Educational access channels
are used by educational institutions for educational programming.
Time on these channels is typically allocated by either the franchising
authority or the cable operator among local schools, colleges
and universities. Governmental access channels are used for programming
by organs of local government.
Alliance for Community Media - ACM
Media Arts Centers
Media Arts Centers provide a wide range of services in support
of media art and independent media: film, video, audio, digital.
Centers may focus on a range of activities including education,
production, access, exhibition, distribution, collection-building,
preservation, criticism and general advocacy.
National Alliance of Media Arts and Culture - NAMAC
Acronyms
This list of acronyms is from Communicating
In The information (816k PDF)
edited by Bruce Girard, and Seán Ó Siochrú
ABC American Broadcasting Corporation
ABN African Broadcasting Network
AIDS acquired immune deficiency syndrome
ALC Latin American and Caribbean Communications Agency
AOL America Online, Inc.
APC Association for Progressive Communications
ASL American sign language
AT&T American Telephone and Telegraph
ATM asynchronous transfer mode (in "Locating the information
society within civil society")
ATM automatic teller machine (in "A community informatics
for
the information society")
AWORC Asian Women's Resource Exchange
BAZ Broadcasting Authority of Zimbabwe
BBC British Broadcasting Corporation
BCE Bell Canada Enterprises
BMC BioMed Central
BOAI Budapest Open Access Initiative
CAP Control Advisory Panel
CBC Canadian Broadcasting Corporation
CD compact disc
CD-ROM compact disc-read-only memory
CEE Central and Eastern Europe
CIRA Community Informatics Research Application Unit
CIRC Community Informatics Resource Center
CNN Cable News Network
CNSLP Canadian National Site Licensing Project
COTS commercial off-the-shelf
CPSR Computer Professionals for Social Responsibility
CRIS Communication Rights in the Information Society
DeCSS Decryption of Contents Scrambling System
DMCA Digital Millennium Copyright Act
DNA deoxyribonucleic acid
DOS disk operating system
DVD digital versatile disc
EC European Commission
ECOSOC United Nations Economic and Social Council
eIFL Electronic Information for Libraries
EU European Union
FCC Federal Communication Commission
FEMNET African Women's Development and Communication
Network
FIRE Feminist Interactive Radio Endeavour
FM frequency modulation
G-8 Group of Eight
GA United Nations General Assembly
GDP gross domestic product
GIS geographic information systems
GPS global positioning system
HIV human immunodeficiency virus
HTML hyper-text markup language
ICANN Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers
ICASA Independent Communication Authority of South Africa
ICCPR International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
ICESR International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural
Rights
ICT information and communication technology
IDRC International Development Research Centre
IEC International Electrotechnical Commission
ILO International Labour Organization
IMF International Monetary Fund
INCP International Network on Cultural Policy
IP Internet protocol
IPRs intellectual property rights
ISO International Organization for Standardization
IT information technology
ITU International Telecommunication Union
IWTC International Women's Tribune Center
LBC Lebanese Broadcasting Corporation
LDC least developed country
MB megabytes
MDG Millennium Development Goal
MIS management information systems
MIT Massachusetts Institute of Technology
NDLTD Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations
NEAR National Electronic Archive Repository
NGO non-governmental organization
NIH National Institutes of Health
NWEO New World Economic Order
NWICO New World Information and Communication Order
OAI Open Archive Initiative
OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
OI organizational informatics
OP Optional Protocol
OSI Open Source Initiative
PANA Panafrican News Agency
PBS Public Broadcasting Service
PDF portable document format (Adobe Acrobat)
PEN Poets, Playwrights, Editors, Essayists, and Novelists
PLoS Public Library of Science
PrepCom preparatory committee
PRSP poverty reduction strategy papers
RAP Reform Advisory Panel, International Telecommunication
Union
RATELVE Venezuelan Radio and Television Project
SABC South African Broadcasting Corporation
SCI Science Citation Index
SLETP Sri Lanka Environmental Television Project
STM science, technology and medicine
TAMWA Tanzania Women's Media Association
TCP transmission control protocol
TDD telecommunications devises for the deaf
TIA Total Information Awareness
TNC transnational corporation
Tulip The University Licensing Programme
UDHR Universal Declaration on Human Rights
UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
UN United Nations
UNCSW United Nations Commission on the Status of Women
UNDAW United Nations Division for the Advancement of Women
UNDP United Nations Development Programme
UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural
Organization
UNIFEM United Nations Development Fund for Women
UNRISD United Nations Research Institute for Social Development
UNU United Nations University
UNU/IIST United Nations University/International Institute
for
Software Technology
UNU/INTECH United Nations University/Institute for New
Technologies
USAID United States Agency for International Development
W3C World Wide Web Consortium
WACC World Association for Christian Communication
WCCD World Commission on Culture and Development
WENT Women's Electronic Network Training
WHO World Health Organization
WiFi wireless fidelity
WIPO World Intellectual Property Organization
WNSP Women's Networking Support Programme
WSIS World Summit on the Information Society
WTO World Trade Organization
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